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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kalaskalem | om kalaskale |
| 2SG: | kalaskalet | ot kalaskale |
| 3SG: | kalaskala | ok/ogeš kalaskale |
| 1PL: | kalaskalena | ona/ogə̑na kalaskale |
| 2PL: | kalaskaleda | oda/ogə̑da kalaskale |
| 3PL: | kalaskalat | ogə̑t kalaskale |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kalaskalə̑šə̑m | šə̑m kalaskale |
| 2SG: | kalaskalə̑šə̑č́ | šə̑č́ kalaskale |
| 3SG: | kalaskalə̑š | ə̑š kalaskale |
| 1PL: | kalaskalə̑šna | ə̑šna kalaskale |
| 2PL: | kalaskalə̑šda | ə̑šda kalaskale |
| 3PL: | kalaskalə̑št | ə̑št kalaskale |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kalaskalenam | kalaskalen omə̑l |
| 2SG: | kalaskalenat | kalaskalen otə̑l |
| 3SG: | kalaskalen | kalaskalen ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | kalaskalenna | kalaskalen onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | kalaskalenda | kalaskalen odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | kalaskalenə̑t | kalaskalen ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kalaskalem ə̑l'e | om kalaskale ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kalaskalet ə̑l'e | ot kalaskale ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kalaskala ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš kalaskale ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kalaskalena ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na kalaskale ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kalaskaleda ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da kalaskale ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kalaskalat ə̑l'e | ogə̑t kalaskale ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kalaskalem ulmaš | om kalaskale ulmaš |
| 2SG: | kalaskalet ulmaš | ot kalaskale ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kalaskala ulmaš | ok/ogeš kalaskale ulmaš |
| 1PL: | kalaskalena ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na kalaskale ulmaš |
| 2PL: | kalaskaleda ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da kalaskale ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kalaskalat ulmaš | ogə̑t kalaskale ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kalaskalenam ə̑l'e | kalaskalen omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kalaskalenat ə̑l'e | kalaskalen otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kalaskalen ə̑l'e | kalaskalen ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kalaskalenna ə̑l'e | kalaskalen onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kalaskalenda ə̑l'e | kalaskalen odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kalaskalen ə̑l'e | kalaskalen ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kalaskalenam ulmaš | kalaskalen omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | kalaskalenat ulmaš | kalaskalen otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kalaskalen ulmaš | kalaskalen ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | kalaskalenna ulmaš | kalaskalen onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | kalaskalenda ulmaš | kalaskalen odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kalaskalen ulmaš | kalaskalen ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kalaskale | it kalaskale |
| 3SG: | kalaskalə̑že | ə̑nže kalaskale |
| 1PL: | (kalaskalena) | (ona/ogə̑na kalaskale) |
| 2PL: | kalaskalə̑za | ida kalaskale |
| 3PL: | kalaskalə̑št | ə̑nə̑št kalaskale |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kalaskalə̑nem | ə̑nem kalaskale |
| 2SG: | kalaskalə̑net | ə̑net kalaskale |
| 3SG: | kalaskalə̑neže | ə̑než kalaskale |
| 1PL: | kalaskalə̑nena | ə̑nena kalaskale |
| 2PL: | kalaskalə̑neda | ə̑neda kalaskale |
| 3PL: | kalaskalə̑nešt | ə̑nešt kalaskale |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kalaskalə̑nem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem kalaskale ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kalaskalə̑nena ə̑l'e | ə̑net kalaskale ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kalaskalə̑neže ə̑l'e | ə̑než kalaskale ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kalaskalə̑nena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena kalaskale ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kalaskalə̑neda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda kalaskale ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kalaskalə̑nešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt kalaskale ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kalaskalə̑net ulmaš | ə̑net kalaskale ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kalaskalə̑neže ulmaš | ə̑než kalaskale ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | kalaskalə̑neda ulmaš | ə̑neda kalaskale ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kalaskalə̑nešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt kalaskale ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | kalaskalaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | kalaskalə̑man |
| Active participle: | kalaskalə̑še |
| Passive participle: | kalaskalə̑me |
| Future-necessitive participle: | kalaskalə̑šaš |
| Negative participle: | kalaskalə̑də̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | kalaskalen |
| Negative gerund: | kalaskalə̑de |
| Gerund of prior action: | kalaskalə̑mek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | kalaskalə̑meš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | kalaskalə̑šə̑la |
| Nominalization: | kalaskalə̑maš |
| Negative nominalization: | kalaskalə̑də̑maš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||